Reality and the Existence of God Essay

When Descartes decided to tear down his beliefs and start fresh, he needed a foundation upon which to build his ideology. When judging what reality is, God must be considered. He/she must be taken out of a religious concept and proven to exist, exist in a way in which we cannot be deceived into only thinking is real. The proof of the existence of God in this way forms the backbone of Descartes’ further forays into proving what is reality. God, being the supremely powerful, all-knowing all-seeing force that created the world and everything in it, was central in most 17th century philosophies. When investigating the importance of god in Descartes’ philosophy, one must first understand the science of the times. The basic principle of mechanism is that everything in the universe could eventually be explained in terms of mechanical laws, and with these laws there is no free will. The universe moves like a complex clock, with everything pre-determined and in accordance with the laws of matter. Pierre Simon de Laplace stated â€Å"We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of the past and the cause of the future. An intellect which at any given moment knew all of the forces that animate nature and the mutual positions of the beings that compose it, if this intellect were vast enough to submit the data to analysis, could condense into a single formula the movement of the greatest bodies of the universe and that of the lightest atom; for such an intellect nothing could be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes. † (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mechanism_%28philosophy%29) Unfortunately for mechanism, the mind is impossible to define in mechanical terms, as it is not a corporeal substance that can be measured. Descartes responds to this problem with dualism, saying that the mind is a â€Å"thinking thing† which is the essence of himself. This â€Å"thing† doubts, believes, hopes and thinks, all the while existing only in a metaphysical sense as a non-extended, thinking thing; while the body is a non-thinking, extended thing. With this he had a clear and distinct idea of both mind and body, and whatever he could conceive, God could create. This led him to believe that the mind could be separate from the body, a substance whose essence was thought. Thus the idea of dualism was founded by the existence of God. As Descartes did not completely agree with mechanism or materialism, he had to essentially obliterate all his beliefs, wipe his proverbial slate clean, and start again. To reevaluate what was real and what was false, Descartes had to doubt everything, including the existence of God, and if he/she exists, whether or not God was a deceiver. Descartes put forward the question of whether or not there are any attributes to the idea of God which couldn’t have originated in himself, God being â€Å"infinite, eternal, unchangeable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He came to the conclusion that none of these attributes could have come from him alone, as he possesses none of them. In this sense, God must exist. He then postulates the hierarchy argument, where the idea of God could not have been thought of by him, or man in general, as the attributes seen in God belong to some higher form. It does not matter that he cannot â€Å"grasp the infinite†, or touch the attributes of God as he himself is finite; the very nature of something being infinite is that it cannot be grasped by something finite. Thus, since the ideas of God are in some higher form, they must be the truest and most clear and distinct of all Descartes’ ideas. He then decided to ask how he could have received the idea of a perfect being from God, as he has never encountered such from the senses. He comes up with the idea of a craftsman, who, when he invents something, may fiddle and change parts of his creation as he chooses. The idea of God, in Descartes’ mind, could not be changed or interfered with; therefore he could not have created it himself. This leads to the belief in the idea of God being innate in him. He again uses the idea of a craftsman, with the idea of God as a â€Å"mark of the craftsman† stamped on his work, man. Descartes’ then postulated that he could not exist with the innate idea of God in his mind without God existing. This fostered his belief that God could not possibly be a deceiver, since for something to be fraudulent or deceitful it has to have some defect, which in God there is none. This began to form the foundation on which Descartes would continue to prove existence through methodical doubt. After he determined that yes, God exists, Descartes turned his attention to truth and falsity. He has determined that God would never deceive him, as wanting to deceive is a sign of malice or weakness, traits not pertaining to God. If God, then, does not deceive him, errors on his part must be of his own judgment. He uses God as a benchmark, saying he is somewhere between God and nothingness, between supreme being and non-being. In meditation number four, again he uses the craftsman analogy, that the more skilled the craftsman, the more perfect the creation. Since God created Descartes, he must be perfect, which leads him to believe that his making mistakes may be better than not doing so. Human free will is an issue that philosophers of every generation tackle in some form or another, and Descartes was no exception. When dealing with will, he believed that will is simply one’s ability to do or not do something, to accept or reject a proposition. This will is such that when a decision is presented to us, we have no sense that we are pushed one way or another by any external forces. He believed that freedom is strengthened by natural knowledge and divine grace, and that since God gave him the power of willing, it cannot be the cause of his mistakes. Simply, a mistake is made when one’s will extends beyond their intellect, when one applies will to matters they do not understand. This philosophy states that God has given him the freedom to choose his destiny in situations of which he does not have complete understanding, a view quite inconsistent with the beliefs of the time. Descartes could not have been an atheist and have come to the conclusions he did. The science of the time was a rigid belief that everything in the universe was bound by the laws of matter, and that it moved like a complex clock, everything pre-determined from the time it was created. A strong supporter of the idea of dualism, Descartes believed that the mind was not bound by the laws of matter and was intangible, a substance whose essence was thought. Since God created him, whatever he could conceive could also be created by God which is the founding principle of dualism. When he began to tear down his belief system, he needed a foundation on which to build his new knowledge. He proved the existence of God by using the hierarchy theory, that since none of the traits of God could be attributed to himself, they must have come from God. With this knowledge, Descartes tackled truth and falsity, the essence and existence of material things, and the real distinction between mind and body. All of which in some for or another were based on his foundation: that God exists and is not a deceiver. If he could prove the existence of God through methodical doubt, he could prove anything. He made this quite clear near the end of his fifth meditation; â€Å"I see plainly that the certainty and truth of all knowledge depends strictly on my awareness of the true God. So much that until I became aware of him I couldn’t perfectly know anything.

Corporate Responsibility and Society Essay

While commuting home from work, you take a detour through a residential area to avoid a congested main artery. Because only a few drivers take the detour, it removes several minutes from your commuting time due to the light traffic. Is your action generalizable? I do believe that my actions would be generalizable; therefore it would not pass the generalization test. According to Hooker, the meaning of generalization test is that the reason for your action should be consistent with the assumption that if everyone who has the same reason as you would act in the same manner (Business Ethics, 2011). The detour is not an area that is not allowed to be taken; it is there for anyone to take despite of the reason for taking it. Anyone that wanted to cut down their commute time in order to pick up a child from daycare, to get to school on time, to prepare dinner, or just because they no longer wanted to sit in traffic is irrelevant to the fact that they are able to take this route. In order to further put this generalization to the test we should see if it meets and passes all four Corollaries’. Corollary one states that an action is unethical if its general adoption would undermine a practice it presupposes. So everyone is free to take this detour through a residential neighborhood. Suppose everyone decided to take this detour, it would congest this neighborhood, children that normally ride their bikes on the side of the rode or play outdoors are more apt to being either hit by a car or injured by a vehicle in some way. This may pass the corollary test but it fails the generalization test. Corollary two states one shouldn’t be a free rider on the efforts of others. This corollary really doesn’t affect this example because every driver is free to make up his or her mind whether or not to take the detour. So this would pass corollary two. Corollary three states an action is unethical if generalizing the action is inconsistent with achieving its purpose. This actions is telling me that I take the detour when is best suites me, i.e. traffic is at its heaviest and I can achieve a shorter time commute by taking the detour. This action is then generalized when everyone who takes the regular congested route takes the detour when it best suites them. Thus my action of taking the detour is generalized, it would be impossible for those who take the detour when it best suites them to achieve the purpose of the action because the new detour would become congested and we are back to where we started. This action fails corollary three and the generalization test. Last but not least Corollary four states that an action is unethical if generalizing the action is inconsistent with the possibility that everyone who performs the action achieves its purpose. If this action is true then me taking the detour is ungeneralizable because it is impossible for everyone to enjoy the same avoidance of traffic congestion by taking the same detour. After completing all four Corollary test I have come to the conclusion that my action to avoid traffic by detouring through a residential area is ungeneralizable. Although my action may have passed a corollary test or two my action ultimately did not justify the action.

The monetary and fiscal policy implemented in the United States during Essay

The monetary and fiscal policy implemented in the United States during the Great Recession and determine the short run and long - Essay Example These subjects affect all players in the economy. In addition, some concepts will be explored and discussed in relation with the depression. II. Crowding Out The concept of crowding out pertains to the increase in government borrowing leading to reduction in consumption and investments (Blanchard, 2008). When the government decides to bolster spending, the best ways to raise funds are increased taxes and borrowing. In periods when depression is imminent, raising taxes is not a practical strategy. Government will have a hard time convincing the labour force to pay more taxes when community prices continue to rise and jobs become hard to maintain. The logical approach for the government to raise funds is to borrow through treasury bills, sovereign bonds and loans. The proceeds from these activities can used to pump the economy and stabilise spending among all entities. The immediate impact of crowding out can be observed in the investments. When the government borrows, there is a possi bility that the interest rates will increase. As interest rates go up, the capacity of private investors to borrow decreases. High interest rates discourage investors to venture in activities that require massive funding. Aside from increasing the interest rate, government borrowing also create problems for companies to borrow from other channels. For instance, when a sovereign bond and a corporate bond are floated debt investors will have to decide which investment would sense (Blanchard, 2008). Governments compete with companies for funds and such hampers any expansion firms have in their pipeline. Some economists would argue that government borrowing is critical during times of depression. The inability of the private sector to sustain growth creates problems for the government (Spencer and Yohe, 1970). Long-term effects of crowding out appear to be beneficial in many ways. More funds in the public sector means spending for infrastructure and other aspects that could aid business es. Also, the government could start handing out jobs to individuals affected by companies filing for bankruptcy and downsizing firms. When used the right way, government borrowing can fuel lagging economies and facilitate the revival of private investments and consumption. III. Ricardian Equivalence Theory The main proponents of the Ricardian Equivalence theory suggest that consumer will not change even if the government decides to increase taxes. The theory also states that the method in which governments finance their spending has to impact on the overall demand in the market (Barro, 1979). In times of recession and even especially during depression, governments are pressured to spend more. Since businesses start to slow down and consumer spending could also lag, revenue from taxes is expected to be reduced. To cover for the possible budget deficit governments could resort to borrow from available channels. Even if the borrowings will continue to rise, the level of consumption an d overall demand will remain the same. According to Buchanan (1976), however, there are several aspects that were not considered when the theory was formulated. There is a difference in perspectives when dealing with borrowing and raising taxes. In addition, the promoters of the theory failed to recognise the varying opinion of the consumers when taxes are increased. Some households value their savings and considered their extra assets as insurance for their families’

Multiple predetermined overhead rates versus a single predetermined Term Paper

Multiple predetermined overhead rates versus a single predetermined overhead rate - Term Paper Example A multiple predetermined overhead rate is a system through which the product cost is estimated. This is where in every single different department in the company a single separate predetermined overhead rate is calculated and then they are summed together. This means that though if they are summed up they produce a single predetermined overhead rate they are present as independent multiple overhead rates of the company’s different departments. This type of estimation of the predetermined overhead rate is important especially in the instance where the products are heterogeneous. This is because as the products move along the various departments they receive uneven effort and attention therefore calling for the different departmental rates in the achieving of equitable and even product costs estimations. The calculation of the single predetermined overhead rate is more common in most companies’ than the multiple predetermined overhead rates. This is largely attributed to the fact tat the single overhead rate is much simpler to estimate than the multiple overhead rates. This is due to the fact that it involves a single calculation of the overheard rate of the whole company’s departments as one while the multiple overhead rates involve calculation of the rates in the different departments separately (Sherman 43). In this reason also it is thus estimated to be less of a cost in resources and time to use the single overhead rate than the multiple overhead rates. Taking for instance a survey conducted on the popularity of the use of the single overhead rate and the multiple overhead rate established that an approximate 50% of companies use both types. This can be attributed to the fact that the multiple overhead rates are more detailed and informative especially the fact that most companies conduct heterogeneous production. Job order costing Job order costing refers to a costing system in businesses that is applied to the accumulation of costs by the difference jobs it engages in, and it is mostly applied where there are various different products that are being produced per time period. It involves the calculation of the average cost per unit product which is arrived at through the tracing of costs through to

Construction Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Health and Safety - Essay Example For this reason, some insurance companies fear that handling these risky sites and vouching for the health and the lives of the employees involved in the job may cause them too much funds that may indeed jeopardize their financial stability. Hence, the establishment of the limit of the fund to be allotted for the said issue has already been passed and rather applied in business organizations today. There are certain standards that companies today need to abide with which gives them a chance to be accommodated by several insurance companies in support to the healthcare assurance that they need, however these provisions are guided by certain limitations that both employers and employees must carefully give attention to. This is especially true on the part of those who are involved in the construction industry. In this paper, the statement mentioned above with regards handling risks successfully as an employer, as an employee and as a team of people working together to establish a struc ture, shall be well discussed and assessed as to how much they should be recognized by the current construction project planners at present. Avionics Solution is a small business organization serving as one of the leaders in manufacturing avionics equipment. It started as a family-owned business that delivers quality products given to its regular clients. As of today, Avionics Solution is currently employing at least 48 personnels within its manufacturing facility. It is the main aim of the organization's administration to be of great help to its employees as well as with its clients. Through the establishment of a fine communication system that flows between the employers, the administrative sector and the rank and file employees, the organization's head officers try to bridge the gap existing between the said stakeholders of the organization. Clearly, the mission of the organization to serve the community with the best possible services it could offer have been understood by the organization's authorities to have been effectively sourced out from the establishment of fine camaraderie among the people making up the enti re company, including the employees as the primary actors within the organization's journey towards success. Certainly, Avionics Solution wants to make sure of its competitive status in the manufacturing industry by providing its employees a workplace that stimulates employee interaction and economic growth. However, with all the fine set of missions created by the administration for the entire organization to follow, it has been found out that most of the employees complained about the fact that there are several provisions not granted by the organization, which namely includes health insurance and retirement plan. It is then proposed in this plan paper that the said issue be addressed well. This is to help the company get assured that it would be able to stay in its status of competition within the industry, through its provision of the utmost important factors of consideration for its employees. The said plan proposal

Final exam Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final exam - Article Example as such, thse activities enables a financial organization determine how its financial support assists the public health agency in conducting its daily activities, as well as determine how best the agency maximizes the availed funds These professionals have a common set of competencies, which include professional judgment, Interprofessional collaboration, leadership, management skills, cultural safety, advocacy, political awareness, social responsibility, compassionate, competence and ethical professional practice. these competencies enable these professionls to discharge their duties profeciently and without personal biases. Four core leadership theories relevant in public health are trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and power and influence theories. The trait theory is most common as it states every effective leader shares common characteristic traits The main challenge to the reduction of tobacco usage is addiction whereby smokers get addicted to the nicotine contained in the tobacco. The best way to reduce this challenge is to educate smokers on the negative effects of nicotine to their bodies, as well as rehabilitation of addict smokers Observation of appropriate hygiene when handling, preparing and serving food is the best approach to curb and contain food borne hygiene, as well as personal hygiene of the persons preparing, handling, serving and eating these foods. furthermore, hand washing plays a very imperative role to the control and management of the spread of such diseases, especially before handling food or eating. Global warming causes an increase in greenhouse gases within the atmosphere, which can lead to respiratory complications. However, global warming can be beneficial to the elderly because it causes warmer winters thereby eliminating their risk of freezing to death Oral diseases are highly communicable as one patient can pass it to another through the air, such as

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 119

Essay Example positive effect of such content can only be achieved if the teaching on the content is done by an informed individual, who is able to differentiate meanings of the words and images used. The studies by American Academy of Pediatrics have shown that music has relatively low influence on the behavior of children. The lack of observable influence simply results from the fact that little attention is paid o the lyrics of music, while at the same time; the level of understanding of such lyrics by children might be low. However, there is an open suggestion by researchers that music has an influence on the behavior of children. The isolation of an individual or that of children by their parents is not a solution to avoiding the evil that is rampant in the modern society. The plausible alternative is for individuals to educate each other regarding the consequences of certain thoughts and actions. This would be essential to avoid taking action that would harm the society, by simply paying attention to misleading actions or information. For example, it is very easy for people to misinterpret the revenge theme covered in Psalms 137, by holding that it is the right of the Jews to be revenge against harm. However, when the psalm is read carefully, it simply indicates the need for the Jews to adhere to good conduct, and allow another power beyond them to revenge for their harm. The content of this psalm reveals the Jewish belief in the golden rule that those who wrong others will also encounter just punishment. This understanding is instrumental in helping people avoid violent and evil behavior towards others. It is right that the Liturgy of the Hours needs to be included in at the end of psalms 137, only that it needs to be accompanied by positive interpretation like the one offered by St. Augustine, Ambrose or Oregon. There is a need t interpret the bible both figuratively and also literally, such that it might not end up being used the same way as modern music and lyrics,

Summarize document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize document - Essay Example Intuition has nothing to do with random guessing, it is a subconscious process of appealing to a person’s experience of solving specific problems. This article has changed my understanding of intuition as a process as well as its role in making strategies. I have learned that to achieve the highest results intuition and rational thinking should be combined. Moreover, the strategies may vary depending on the circumstances. â€Å"Intuitive synthesis is more appropriate for strategic †¦ decisions †¦ and is more effective in an unstable environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Khatri and Alvin Ng 2000, p 62). In addition to this, the article has taught me that all decisions contain a bit of intuition, regardless of how accurate and reliable the facts are. Even while using analytical method, managers deal with future which no one can predict. It is impossible to measure the unknown and as a result, every decision is partially intuitive. (Goldberg 1990, p. 73). To sum up, intuition is indeed a quick rational process as it is based on knowledge and experience, even though it is subconscious. However, I do not think that it should be widely used on practice. Intuitive synthesis has different results according to the field it is applied in. And because it is based mostly on precedents, it may not always be trustworthy as people’s experience may vary. Only those employees who have a clear understanding of a problem may use this method. I believe further researches on intuition and the ways of its development should be done to improve the process of strategic decision

The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

The Internet - Essay Example As such, there are various advantages and disadvantages that are realized, and this forms the basis for an analytical analysis of the critical inferences that can be drawn from readings that touch on various implications that the internet has presented to the contemporary society particularly in line with cultural implications. In light of the above, What is the Elephant in the Digital Room is an article that tries to look at the different changes that have characterized the digital revolution. It compares the rate at which information and media is being created in the current world of digital supremacy against the pre-existing rates and definitions that demarcated the creation and sharing of media. To this end, there is the realization that the digital revolution has greatly transformed the very element of life in relation to how we interact with technology and how we partake media and online data. From the amount of information being created particularly for the online platform, to the sheer amount of time that we spend online, the digital revolution is depicted as having changed the way that we consume information and data. Additionally, the internet started off as a tool to ease communication and the availability of essential data. However, it has now transformed into a form of necessity that nobody ca n exist without. In many situations, the internet is no longer optional, and is in fact becoming some form of basic need that almost everybody needs in order to survive. In many respects, mobile communication and the advent of the internet has had more implications on humans than any other form of development in the entire human history. This highlights the relatively staggering levels of adoption that has characterized its intake in almost all factions of human life. While other inventions and developments could catch up in certain parts of the world and fail to catch up in others, mobile communication and the internet has caught up in every

Scheduling Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scheduling Operations Management - Essay Example Equipment, labor, and space must also be the resources scheduled for a university. A university must make sure it has enough instructors to teach all of the classes that have been scheduled, enough regular staff members to address the needs of the students who will be attending, and enough space to house the administration portion of the university as well as to hold all of the scheduled classes (even those with disabled students who need special accommodations). Typically, universities have two main networks of equipment that will need to be properly maintained by an in-house staff: administrative and classroom. Students will need computers, desks, or other workstations. Staff will need enough of the proper equipment to teach their courses effectively, including computers, projectors, smart boards, and the like. The types of resources that need to be scheduled for movie making include equipment, labor, and space. The equipment for movie making is various and ranges from cameras all the way to the equipment associated with temporary living accommodations on the filming scene. The labor includes directors, actors, extras, and regular staff members.

The Impact of Pre-Cooling as an Intervention Strategy to Minimize Cardiovascular system Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Pre-Cooling as an Intervention Strategy to Minimize Cardiovascular system Essay The aim of this report was to investigate whether the utilization of pre-cooling (cooling vest) prior to a 10, 000m road-race run within a hot and humid environment, would result in improved performance. The report also aimed to examine any performance-related effects, and their underlying physiological mechanisms. Fourteen (n=14) well-trained adult runners participated in two 10,000m-time trials, spaced 72 hours apart. Ambient conditions of both the control and experimental conditions were T= 32.5 Â °C, rel. humidity= 65% and T= 32.8’C, rel. humidity= 63% respectively. Procedure consisted of a 30 minute warm up (20 minutes steady state running at RPE 13, 10 minutes individualized stretching activity). During the warm up, the control condition required participants to wear a normal tee shirt, with the experimental condition requiring participants to wear a commercially available gel-based cooling vest. Conclusion of the 30 min warm up saw the tee shirt or ice- vest replaced with the race singlet, before commencing the 10, 000 m time trial. Time, pre and post body mass, heart rate, skin temperature and core temperature were all variables measured and recorded. Participants were able to complete the 10,000m road-run in less time following the pre-cooling condition, suggesting that pre-cooling as an intervention strategy improved endurance performance. Results indicate this occurrence was due to significantly lower starting core and skin temperatures, reduced starting heart rate as well as an overall lower sweat rate. These factors allowed for a greater capacity of heat storage, minimizing thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain and therefore allowing the body to operate at a higher level of performance before reaching critical limiting temperature. Results Figure 1 displays the difference between time trials obtained in both the control and pre-cooling conditions. The pre-cool time trial was significantly shorter than the control time trial (p0.05). The difference between baseline and post body mass (BM) were recorded to calculate sweat rate (L/hr.). Figure 2 displays the difference in sweat rate between the control and pre-cool conditions. Control sweat rate was significantly higher then sweat rate recorded for the pre-cool condition. The above graph (Figure 3) depicts the mean heart rates and standard deviations for both control and pre-cool conditions. HR was recorded and displayed over three phases of the time trial (start, mid and end). Statistical analysis determined that there was a significant difference in HR between the three phases of the time trial (p0.05). Statistical significance also occurred between control start HR and pre-cool start HR, with control start HR 5.10% greater than pre-cool start HR. Skin temperature was also recorded and statistically analysed. Figure 4 displays the mean and standard deviations for skin temperature (Tsk) over three phases of the time trial for both the control and pre-cool conditions. Significant differences between both control and pre-cool conditions were found (p0.05). Significant statistical differences were also discovered between each of the phases of the time trial (p0.0167). Figure 5 depicts mean and standard deviations for core temperature (Tc). Significant statistical difference occurred between the three different stages of the time trial (p0.05). When compared separately, significant differences were found between all stages of the time trial (start vs. mid, start vs. end, mid vs. end) (p0.0167). Discussion The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pre-cooling through the utilization of a cooling vest would augment endurance performance undertaken in the heat. Findings obtained from the study indicate that pre-cooling did improve performance, as the pre-cooling condition time trials were significantly shorter than the control condition (p0.05). This ability to perform at a higher intensity, decreasing time taken to complete the 10,000m run can be explained by the physiological mechanisms behind pre-cooling. The ability to exercise under hot and humid conditions is significantly impaired (Nielsen, Hales, Strange, Christensen, Warberg Saltin, 1993) when ambient temperature exceeds skin temperature. Reduced heat loss that would normally occur through convection and radiation, results in an increase in body temperature (Marino Booth, 1998). By lowering pre-performance body temperature, the body’s ability to capacitate metabolic heat production is increased (Siegel Laursen, 2012), therefore increasing the time to reach critical limiting temperature, at which exercise performance deteriorates or can no longer be maintained (Marino et al. 1998). Sweat rate was lower following pre-cooling compared to the control condition. A number of studies have also obtained similar results, finding greater heat storage capacities and subsequent sweat rates as a result of precooling (Olschewski Bruck, 1988)(Lee Haymes, 1995)(White, Davis Wilson, 2003). This can be explained by the greater heat storage, that is stimulated by precooling, delaying the onset of heat dissipation and subsequent sweat threshold (White et al. 2003). Furthermore, by minimizing sweat rate, the flow of blood to the skin surface is also reduced. This allows more blood to be distributed to the active muscles, reducing cardiovascular strain (White et al, 2003). Another physiological mechanism stimulated through pre-cooling, that aids in reducing cardiovascular strain is heart rate (HR)(Kay, Taaffe Marino, 1999). Recorded data over both conditions showed an increase in HR from the start to the end of the time trial. However, the only significant difference between control and precooling was found between the starting HR recordings. The precooling start HR was 5.10% lower than the control start HR (p0.0167). This significant difference was not maintained throughout mid and end recordings, with both the control and precooling end HR reaching approximately 191 bpm. Kay et al. (1999) found similar results, with HR slightly reduced following precooling within the first 20 minutes of exercise, however this difference was not maintained at 25 and 30 minutes of exercise. A review of relevant literature by Marino (2002) also indicated a lower HR during the start of exercise that was not seen throughout the rest of the exercise bout. These findings can be explained by greater central blood volume, a result of reduced body temperature and therefore no need to distribute blood flow to skin to lose heat. A greater central blood volume produces an increase in stroke volume, ultimately reducing HR and cardiovascular strain (Marino, 2002). Skin temperature results were also recorded over three phases of the time trial. Similar to HR, a significant difference between control and precooling start skin temperature recordings were found (p0.0167), but diminished throughout the remaining two phases of the time trial. Through the use of precooling and consequent lower skin temperature recordings, blood flow was not required at the skin, centrally withholding blood volume and assisting in reducing cardiac strain (Drust, Cable Reilly, 2000). The final variable assessed in this study was core temperature. According to Neilsen et al. (1993), high core temperature is the most important factor leading to exhaustion and impaired performance during exercise under hot and humid conditions. This may be due to brain and core body temperature having a corresponding relationship. Therefore, an increase in core temperature may result in an increase in brain temperature, resulting in central fatigue and affecting motor performance (Nybo, 2012). Core temperature results showed similarities to the findings for HR and skin temperature. Statistical significant differences were found between each phase that core temperature was recorded (p0.05)(start, mid and end time trial), showing a gradual rise from the start of the time trial to the end. A comparison of means via a T-test between start core temperature (control) and start core temperature (precool) showed a significant difference (p0.0167), which was not seen between samples during m id and end time trial. The findings from this study indicate and present the benefits precooling has on improving endurance performance in hot and humid environments. A number of studies and reviews studying precooling as an intervention strategy (Kay et al. 1993)(Marino, 2002)(Marino et al. 1998) have all shown the positive physiological mechanisms that arise from precooling. Time trials were significantly shorter in time following precooling, showing an improvement in performance. The significantly lower heart rate, skin temperature and core temperature stimulated by precooling at the start of the time trial, all contribute to a greater capacity for metabolic production. This greater capacity provides precooled subjects with the ability to work at a higher intensity for longer, before critical limiting temperature is reached, ultimately improving endurance performance.

Business-to-Business Messages Essay Example for Free

Business-to-Business Messages Essay Communication is the process; through which sender conveys their messages to receiver. The communication can be in form of words, gestures, voice intonations and other symbols or signs. The communication process cannot be possible without any medium. In the communication process senders and receivers both are the parties involved. Apart from this communication process also needs the technology, tools and Channels. All the element of the communication process should be in the proper sequence for effective and appropriate communication Process. If any part of communication process is distorted or broken, the sender and receiver will not have a common understanding of the message (Daft, 2004). The communication model includes some element in this sequence such as an environment of communication, a sender, message, technology (Channels), noises (the psychological, social and structural barriers), a receiver and the feedback of receiver. The communication model has the channel through which the message is transmitted. There are two types of the channels: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication refers to the oral or written means transmitting meaning through words. Non-verbal communication doesnt use words and involves gestures. In current time, there are many technological channels for communication such as electronic mail, intranets, instant messaging, fax, telephone and other forms of computer mediated communication channels (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Business to business communication process includes the communication between two business entities, in which the one business entity perform the role of a sender and other one perform the role of a receiver. In other words, Business to Business Communication describes the communication between businesses such as between a manufacturer and a whole seller or between a whole seller and a retailer. All other element of Business to Business communication process is dependent on the environment and the purpose of the communication. Business to Business communication process would effective. If the environment of Business to Business is appropriate and propose of communication is also strong and effective (Guffey Almonte, 2009). Business to Business Messages Business to Business communication process is an internal process to develop relationship with the other business organizations, vendors, suppliers etc. In this competitive landscape, the Business to Business communication process is necessary for customer loyalty to protect against the competitor, employee motivation, brand protection or creation the awareness among the customer (Business-to-Business Communication, n. d. ). Business to Business Message of William Brother Corporation  The William Brother Corporation is an American company. The company is known for its quality metal doors. The company recently launched the new products lightweight gypsum ceiling access panel, portable fire extinguisher stands, roof hatches and floor hatches. The company communicates with their whole sellers and retailer to create the awareness about the product features, quality and the price. The company also informs about policies, terms and promotional strategizes of the new products. Subsequent to the discussion of the companys message now, I will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: The purpose of this message of the company is to create the awareness about the new launched products of the company between the whole sellers and retailers. The company provides the all technical information about the new product. Sender: Here, the sender is the company management team. Receiver: Here, receivers are the whole sellers and retailer of the company. Environment: The environment of this communication process is the internal and external environment. Technology: In this messaging, the technology used is written communication, oral communication and internet technology. Noise: In this message, noise can be formed by the traffic of internet and other website, which can directly affect the delivery of message. In addition to this, as it is a written and oral message, the noise factors can be lack of apprehension of language and information by the whole sellers and retailers (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Feedback: The Feedback of the whole sellers and retailers is that they understand about the new product features and they agree on the company policies and terms. They will help the company for promotion of the new launched product. The method of the technology used is the appropriate of the company. The oral and written communication would create the easy understanding about the product and the internet is best way to convey the message of the company. The message should the appropriate, because the message provides the all information about the product and the company goal. Business to Business Message of KFC Corporation KFC Corporation based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the worlds most popular chicken restaurant chain. There are many stores of KFC that operate in the world. For managing the all stores of company, the company communicates with their different stores management team through the messaging by the email and internet technology (KFC Corporation, 2010). In this message of the company, they had communicated, that company makes the some quality standards and policies for their food, which should maintain by the all stores of the company. These policies and the quality standards help to maintain the trust among the customers. Subsequent to the discussion of the companys message now I will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: Here, the purpose of this message of the company is to create awareness about the policies and quality standards and should maintain these quality standard to the management of the stores which are situated in all over the world. Sender: The sender is the company management. Receiver: The receiver is the stores management of the company. Environment: Here, the environment of this employed communication process is external environment. Technology: In message, the technology used is written communication and the internet technology by the company. Noise: In the messaging, noise can be formed as the message failure through the internet. In the written message the noise can be formed as the lack of apprehension of language by the management of company stores (Mcshane, VonGlinow Sharma, 2006). Feedback: The feedback of the receiver is that they will be maintain the quality standard of the food product and adopt the company policies. The company used technology, the written communication and the internet technology to create the awareness about their policies and the quality standards among their stores management. This would very effective for the company. Business to Business Message of Honda Motor Company Honda Motor Company is one of the largest automobile companies in the world. There has the big product line of the company in the world market. Honda Civic car is one of the popular products of the company. In the recently there has a technical problem generated in the Honda civic cars fuel pump. For the solution of this problem the company takes some actions. The company has sent the message to their authorized dealers to solve this problem by approaching the customers, who has the Honda civic (Honda Motor Corporation, 2010). Subsequent to the discussion of the companys message now we will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: Here the purpose of the message of company is to create awareness among the dealers about the product problem and to solve that technical problem of the customers product. Sender: The Sender is the technical department of the company. Receiver: The authorized dealers of the company. Environment: Here the environment of the communication is the external environment. Technology: The Company communicates with the written messages and the internet technology. Noise: In the messaging, noise can be formed as the message failure through internet and noise can formed as written message delay. Feedback: The feedback from the dealer was that they will solve this problem of the product as soon as. The technology of the message is the good. Both the medium of the message is the efficient and reach at the right time. Message purpose is the appropriate and easily understandable by the dealers.

Cruise Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay

Cruise Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay CHAPTER 1 Introduction of the Cruise Shipping Industry and how it impacts on tourism in Jamaica Tourism is the travel for leisure, business or recreational purposes outside of ones norms for no more than a year. It has become the largest and fastest growing industry in the global economy. In 1871 an American sea captain called Lorenzo Dow Baker sailed into Port Antonio and took with him a cargo of coconuts and 1,450 stems of bananas. The profit that he made in Boston quickly made him realize the potential for the area because profits from the sale of the bananas were great he soon built a thriving export business, called The Boston Fruit Company, which later became the United Fruit Company. He owned 40 banana plantations and shipped three million bunches annually at its peak. He later saw the potential for tourism in Jamaica and established the first cruise ship to and from Port Antonio. So he started sailing visitors from the freezing New England states to Jamaica of Port Antonio in his empty banana boats. He then built Jamaicas first hotel called the Titchfield Hotel in the e arly 1900s. In 1905 the hotel was 600 feet of open space and 400 rooms. It was said that no hotel on that side of the Atlantic Sea had provided with any of those amenities that minister so largely to the pleasure of travelers. This began to prosper in Jamaica after World War I, when improved methods of transportation made it easier for people to get from one country to the other. Indications are that in the early 1920s the number of tourists visiting the island annually probably did not exceed a few thousand. By 1938 the figure had risen to 64,000, and in 1952 the number of arrivals almost doubled to over 104,000; in 1966 the number exceeded 345,000, and in 1970 nearly 415,000. In 1982 it exceeded 600,000. Since the 1987 ­88 season, the number of visitors has exceeded one million a year and has continued to grow, partly as a result of the great increase in the arrivals of cruise-ship passengers. Total arrivals for 1993 were 1,616,430. The cruise shipping industry has many different impacts on the Jamaican tourism industry. It is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry, is becoming more popular to tourists and has a good potential for growth. In Jamaica the industry appeals to the mass market cruises. These are the cruises which are moderately priced and appeals to just about every type of person. The Caribbean is one of the most tourism dependent regions in the world with Jamaica being the most dependent as the main source of income which brings 25 percent of GDP. Impacts faced by the tourism industry vary from the environmental point of view, socio- cultural, and economical. As it relates to the environment Cruise ships represent less than 1% of the global merchant  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eet yet it has been estimated that they are responsible for 25% of all waste generated by merchant vessels. This volume of waste produces pressures on the environment, particularly with respect to ship-generated waste disp osal at home ports and ports of call. Other negative impacts include carrying capacity which is the maximum number of persons recommended on a particular eco-system before this result in depletion of its natural resources. Negative socio-cultural impacts faced locals include the use of resources which may cause conflicts, such as competition between tourist and local populations for the use of prime resources like water and energy because of the scarce supply. Another negative impact is economic inequality, between locals and tourists, where tourists normally spend more than they usually do at home, locals may seem to feel inferior to the tourists as they cannot do such large spending which may cause cultural clashes. Positive impacts are locals and tourists get to share their cultural differences with each other. Economical impacts of cruise shipping in Jamaica are the increase of foreign exchange earnings, profit and taxes, employment, externalities, terms of trade, and economies of scale. In addition, cruise tourism requires less infrastructure compared to stopover tourism at a tourist destination. Negative impacts on the tourism economy are leakages of tourist expenditure which present a problem to cruise destinations. Leakages consist of tourist revenue flowing out of Jamaica in which it was spent. The main sources of leakages are consumer goods (especially food and drink), repatriation of profits, overseas promotional expenses and paying back of external debt. If the income from tourism goes to people who reside outside of the country, instead of residents, the benefits of tourism are small. Cruise tourism has been criticized for imposing local costs without compensating benefits. Cruise passenger spending is directed towards shopping where local content is low. Purpose of the study Jamaica is a beautiful island but in the past decades the country has been transformed into a monumental tourist destination, and in the process destroying a few of the natural beauty along the way. In investigating the cruise shipping industry, I am hoping to find out the positive and the negative impacts of the cruise shipping industry on Jamaica and if it can sustain all the cruise ships seen coming in to the ports, considering that it is a booming business. I will also seek to find out if Jamaica will be able to accommodate all the people coming to the island at once through each port. Impacts such as; what impacts does cruise ships have on the ecological system of Jamaica? What are the ecological impacts on the ports visited? What are the effects on consolidation going on in the cruise industry? 1.2 Significance of the Study The stakeholders that this study will benefit are the Jamaica Tourist Board, tourism students, the Cruise Shipping industry and the tourism sector as a whole, as this will assist them in making further decisions weighing the pros and the cons of this industry on not just its economic benefit but its impact on the environment. 1.3 Statement of the problem If sewage from the cruise ships is released in the ports at each visit, then the marine ecosystem will be damaged and cause harm to living organisms. If too many people visit the island at once from a cruise ship then the total amount of acceptable accommodation will be exceeded causing irreversible damages to Jamaica. 1.4 Research Questions At the end of this end of this research the questions I hope to answer are: What the plans are for the sewage control for each port in Jamaica? Who mostly benefits from the tourists when they visit the government or the public (locals)? If the criticism is true on whether or not has imposed local costs without compensating benefits. If the locals are deprived from water and electricity when cruise ships are at the ports. Definition of Terms Cruise ship- If the locals are deprived from water and electricity when cruise ships are at the ports. Consolidation- The process of maturation in some markets whereby smaller companies are acquired or run out of business, leaving only a few dominant players Ecological impacts- Effect on living organism and their non-living (a biotic) environment due to human activity or natural phenomenon Economical Impacts- Economy-wide (macroeconomic) effect on employment and incomes produced by a decision, event, or policy. GDP- Gross Domestic Product Leakages- leakage is the non-consumption uses of income, including saving, taxes, and imports Ports- a city, town, or other place where ships load or unload Port of call- A port visited by a cruise ship but where passengers do not begin or terminate their journey. Socio-cultural impacts- social and cultural problems

Malaria Essay -- essays research papers fc

Malaria is regarded as one of the world's deadliest tropical parasitic diseases. It claims more lives than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis. In Africa and other developing countries, it also accounts for millions of dollars in medical costs. Malaria, however, is a curable disease if promptly diagnosed and adequately treated. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the parasite plasmodium. In recent years, most cases in the U.S. have been in people who have acquired the disease after travelling to tropical and sub-tropical areas. Over 200 million cases worldwide are reported each year. Estimates of deaths caused by malaria exceed 1 million each year, with the majority being African children. Other groups at risk include pregnant women, foreign travelers, refugees, and laborers entering endemic areas. Malaria is prevalent in over 100 countries around the world, the most of which located in Africa and South America. Predominance of Malaria Today, malaria is a public health problem in more than 90 countries. Worldwide prevalence of the disease is estimated to be over 200 million cases each year. More than 90% of all malaria cases arise from sub-Saharan Africa. The geographical area affected by malaria has shrunk considerably in the past 50 years. Yet measures to control this epidemic are becoming less and less effective. Increased risk of the disease is linked with expansion projects in undeveloped areas, particularly in the Amazon basin and in Southeast Asia. The rise of malaria is also linked to factors such as global warming, poor health services, political upheavals and armed conflicts. Other causes of this spread include growing resistance of the parasites that cause the disease to new drugs. And with the growing popularity international travel, malaria is now showing up in developed countries. It is also re-emerging in areas where it has previously been under eradicated. Symptoms Symptoms of malaria vary depending on the specific type of parasite involved. These symptoms include high fever, chills, sweats, vomiting, and headaches. This would explain why malaria is often misdiagnosed as the flu. In severe cases the illness can progress to lethargy, respiratory failure, coma and death. If left untreated, the symptoms may persist for weeks or even months. With some types of malaria, relapses may occur for years after treatment. ... ... infection from mosquitoes. Health departments assist travelers in determining what precautions are needed. Drug and Vaccine Development Drugs designed to treat malaria are available on a very limited basis. Because of increasing resistance to drugs in many parts of the world, adequate treatment of malaria is becoming increasingly difficult. Although a few new drugs have appeared in the last 20 years, they are not economically available to many people who need them. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in the search for a malaria vaccine. An effective vaccine would create a powerful addition to malaria control. More than a dozen candidate vaccines are currently in development, some of them in clinical trial. The hope is that an effective vaccine will be available within the next 7-15 years. REFERENCES A bibliography on the behavioral, social, and economic aspects of malaria and its control. c1978. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. (April 2000). Malaria Foundation International. [On-line]. Available: http://www.malaria.org/ (April 2000). Travel health online. [On-line]. Available: http://www.tripprep.com/travinfo/timala.html

Trench Coat Mafia And Society :: essays research papers

The Trench coat Mafia Opinion MANY FACTORS CAUSED OUTBURST OF VIOLENCE There is no single factor that caused the outburst of violence on 20th April 1999, in Littleton, Colorado. Blaming a single factor as the cause of the Columbine High School massacre is as ludicrous as a nation blaming an economic crisis on one person alone. There were many contributing factors that led to this massacre, and with that, an array of warning signs, all of which were ignored by most people. If people were searching for a sole factor to blame, it would be most appropriate to blame the lack of awareness of the Columbine High School community. The killers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, talked about their love of guns openly at school and wrote death poetry during their English classes. Can't anyone see that such behaviour can lead to nothing but darkness? The group Harris and Klebold belonged to, the Trench coat Mafia, told classmates of their plans to carry out a massacre at school, but fellow students jeered and dismissed their comments as empty threats. The preferred attire of the Trench coat Mafia were black trench coats, sunglasses and army berets. This code of dress was designed to stand out from the rest of the students, and to attract attention to them. This was not a wise decision made by the group as it attracted more abuse from students and became clearly recognised as 'misfits'. This worsened the communication gap between the group and other students. The school should have identified this problem and attempt to rectify the situation. The group's alienation from the rest of the school community made most people think that they were outcasts and soon became inferior and the butt of jokes. This proves that bullying cannot be denied a part in the cause of this massacre. Bullying lowered the self-esteem of Harris and Klebold, who eventually resorted to violence, thinking that it would be the solution to their problems. However, If the 'misfits' were not jeered at but were accepted, they would not be misfits, and peaceful co-existence as civilised human beings would have been achieved. 'Seek and ye shall find'; stated Sophocles. Harris and Klebold did accordingly and proved this statement true during their search for weapons. However strict the government make the gun laws, there are always ways for minors to obtain weapons. It would be unfair if all of the blame was laid onto the lack of gun control.

Essay --

In the eyes of society, every great leader has flaws, but one to many can lead to failure. â€Å"I have lived long enough, both in years and in accomplishment.† In the long run, Julius Caesar was a great leader and came extremely close to success but died at the hand of his supporters. The biography â€Å"Caesar† by Adrian Goldsworthy accurately explains Caesar's life in the Mediterranean world. This work brings all aspects of Caesar's character into a single novel. Julius, born in July 100 BC, was a Roman general as well as a statesman. He played a critical role in the events which led to the fall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Julius was deemed to be one of the greatest military minds in history. The quote â€Å"I came, I saw, I conquered† is not only commonly know, but it accurately explains Julius' life. Caesars was born into a family of patricians, which was a ruling class in ancient Rome. Little of Caesar's childhood is recorded. His father, also of the name Gaius Julius Caesar, governed the province of Asia. His aunt, Julia, married Gaius Marius, a prominent figure in the Roman Republic and his mother Aurelia Cotta, came from a very influential family. It is said that Julius always had a fire burning in his heart to lead like his father, so after his father died in 85 BC and when he reached the age, he became what he was. Julius was an ambitious man. He came to be leader of the Roman Republic. He worked all the time to become a dictator trying to change the Roman Republic into an empire, as it was deteriorating as a Republic. This is admirable. Caesar's son, Augustus, had ended what Caesar began. An empire. Even though sources claim that over a million enemies were killed during his campaign, Julius was never ... ...it. If I was not able to find evidence of the conspiracy, then I would make sure he would understand to deploy dozens of guards to stop the assassination from ever occurring. Caesar's life was an interesting one. Not yet at age twenty, he avoided execution, he was decorated for valor in battle, and he was captured by pirates. His affairs were frequent and his magnetism allowed him to seduce many of his political opponents' wives, including the lovely Cleopatra. He was the most interesting man in the world, and the autobiography â€Å"Caesar† depicts his life in the Mediterranean world accurately. I loved reading about Caesar's life and although the book was from my perspective, boring, as a form of entertainment, I found it to be a great source for learning about Julius Caesar, as it is a biography. Though, Julius always said, â€Å"Experience is the teacher of all things†. Essay -- In the eyes of society, every great leader has flaws, but one to many can lead to failure. â€Å"I have lived long enough, both in years and in accomplishment.† In the long run, Julius Caesar was a great leader and came extremely close to success but died at the hand of his supporters. The biography â€Å"Caesar† by Adrian Goldsworthy accurately explains Caesar's life in the Mediterranean world. This work brings all aspects of Caesar's character into a single novel. Julius, born in July 100 BC, was a Roman general as well as a statesman. He played a critical role in the events which led to the fall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Julius was deemed to be one of the greatest military minds in history. The quote â€Å"I came, I saw, I conquered† is not only commonly know, but it accurately explains Julius' life. Caesars was born into a family of patricians, which was a ruling class in ancient Rome. Little of Caesar's childhood is recorded. His father, also of the name Gaius Julius Caesar, governed the province of Asia. His aunt, Julia, married Gaius Marius, a prominent figure in the Roman Republic and his mother Aurelia Cotta, came from a very influential family. It is said that Julius always had a fire burning in his heart to lead like his father, so after his father died in 85 BC and when he reached the age, he became what he was. Julius was an ambitious man. He came to be leader of the Roman Republic. He worked all the time to become a dictator trying to change the Roman Republic into an empire, as it was deteriorating as a Republic. This is admirable. Caesar's son, Augustus, had ended what Caesar began. An empire. Even though sources claim that over a million enemies were killed during his campaign, Julius was never ... ...it. If I was not able to find evidence of the conspiracy, then I would make sure he would understand to deploy dozens of guards to stop the assassination from ever occurring. Caesar's life was an interesting one. Not yet at age twenty, he avoided execution, he was decorated for valor in battle, and he was captured by pirates. His affairs were frequent and his magnetism allowed him to seduce many of his political opponents' wives, including the lovely Cleopatra. He was the most interesting man in the world, and the autobiography â€Å"Caesar† depicts his life in the Mediterranean world accurately. I loved reading about Caesar's life and although the book was from my perspective, boring, as a form of entertainment, I found it to be a great source for learning about Julius Caesar, as it is a biography. Though, Julius always said, â€Å"Experience is the teacher of all things†.

Victory in the Civil War

African Americans have had a long and painful encounter with subjugation, oppression and brutality. Their history is undeniably plagued with inhumane treatment and violence simply on the basis of their skin color. Man stooped to its lowest possible status when he began discriminating against people on color and race. No single race has had as unfortunate a history as African Americans who were rudely denied their rights during slavery era and were arrogantly kept away from the same after emancipation.Many blacks were hopeful of a better life when Abraham Lincoln declared emancipation for every black slave in the country. However since he himself died soon after, Blacks faced an uphill task getting their due share of public place during Reconstruction and prior to the Civil Rights Movement in 1960s. Victory in the Civil War of 1860s had assured African-Americans that they would get equal rights in the United States which however was one promise that did not materialize for very long. African-Americans were looked down upon in the South and they did not even have the right to sit next to white people in public buses.In the South black people were required to sit at the back as front seats were reserved for whites. This was a highly unfair law, which caused humiliation to many blacks especially a professor named Jo Ann Robinson. Blacks who were desirous of equal rights started the civil rights movement in 1950s to uphold Thomas Jefferson’s democratic ideals, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.â€Å"[1]) Reconstruction should have been a time to rejoice and celebrate for blacks in the South. But that was not the case. Blacks suffered immensely at the hands of severe racial differences that plagued the country and had sharpened with the proclamation. The administration did little or nothing to ease the transition process. Frederick Douglass expressed his disappointment in these words: â€Å"You say you have emancipated us. You have; and I thank you for it. But what is your emancipation?When the Israelites were emancipated they were told to go and borrow of their neighbors—borrow their coin, borrow their jewels, load themselves down with the means of subsistence; after, they should go free in the land which the Lord God gave them†¦But when You turned us loose, you gave us no acres. You turned us loose to the sky, to the storm, to the whirlwind, and, worst, of all you turned us loose to the wrath of our infuriated masters. † A long series of struggles began when reconstruction failed to make the dream of liberty come true.Voting rights were not yet granted to blacks and to make matters worse racial segregation had not been abolished in schools and other departments. Racial segregation in schools was a major sign of discrimination because yo ung generation of blacks who were born free was forced to encounter unfair treatment without their being any legal support for the same. Slavery was no longer there in practice but it could still be felt in such actions of the people.Discrimination on the basis of race was reflected by things such as black people riding at the back of the bus, racial segregation in school, equal and separate principle and no voting rights or job opportunities for blacks. Before 1950s, things were not even moving in the right direction. Everything was intensely unequal for blacks including access to education and jobs. But 1950s and following decades changed the fate of black community as more than a century after initial emancipation, they were finally given some of the civil rights they had dreamt of.But these rights were not offered on a silver platter. Blacks had to consistently fight for their rights and there were a series of court cases that upheld the democratic ideals and opened doors to mor e freedom and equality for blacks. One such prominent and irreplaceable in significance was the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954. There is no case in education board’s history that has played a more important role or has served as a bigger judicial turning point than this case. In the history of important cases, Brown vs.Board of Education occupies a top slot because of its impact not only on education system in the country but on the fate of African Americans in United States. It just changed the way Americans handled issue of human rights. In 1950s, racial segregation in schools was a norm. While schools were required to be equal in quality of education, they were also meant to be separate. It was found that even equality principle was not followed in spirit since most black schools offered education which inferior in quality. In 1849, a similar case Roberts vs.City of Boston surfaced to challenge the education system of racial segregation but nothing concrete came out of this. In fact Benjamin Roberts and other African American parents were denied the right to enroll their children in selected Boston schools. In other words, this case upheld racial segregation. A few years later, in 1855 segregation in schools was abolished by Massachusetts legislature. However it was more in theory than practice. In 1896 came the important case of Plessy v. Ferguson where United States Supreme Court called for separate but equal access to various facilities to African Americans.This landmark case however denied blacks a chance to achieve complete equality because based on this declaration; blacks were offered separate facilities in restaurants, public transport, hotels and education. Several other cases surfaced since the Roberts case in 1849 and by 1949 court had made little or no effort to strike down racial segregation. Brown vs. Board of Education case was filed from Kansas. Before this case, some eleven school cases had emerged between 1881 and 1949 in Kansas. None however managed to bring about any real change in school segregation system.In 1908, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded and this organization helped black people achieve equality by providing them with legal counsel and funding whenever needed. Linda Brown was a third grade student whose father Oliver Brown wanted to admit her to a white school in the neighborhood since Linda had to walk miles everyday to reach her black school. She was denied admission in the white school and this resulted in Brown seeking help from McKinley Burnett, the head of Topeka's branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).NAACP was more than willing to assist since they finally had the â€Å"the right plaintiff at the right time. â€Å"[2] In his testimony, Dr. Hugh W. Speer, an expert witness explained that segregation was unhealthy and unfair to black students: â€Å"†¦ if the colored children are d enied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored child's curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation. â€Å"[3]The case continued for several months and in May 1954, the court in its landmark decision struck down separate but equal clause and called for school integration. In his ruling Chief Justice Earl Warren said: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment†.[4] The case was seen as a colossal step in the right d irection as it gave more encouragement to civil rights movement which ultimately resulted in a much better world for the blacks.REFERENCES[1] Dr. Howard O. Lindsey, â€Å"A History of Black America†, pg. 34-35 [2] Edward W. Knappman, ed. , Great American Trials (Detroit: Visible Ink, 1994) 467. [3] Knappman 467. [4] Benjamin Munn Ziegler, ed. , Desegregation and the Supreme Court (Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, 1958) 78-79

Andy Warhol and His work on the Contemporary Art Essay

Andy Warhol (1928-1987) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, less commonly cognise as Andrew Warhola, was a central puzzle out in the pop art category. He is an Ameri brush aside artist who reigned around the mankind as a painter, author, avant-garde film maker and as a public influential person for his connection to many peck of unlike fields of call on and status. Warhol studied in Carnegie Institute of Technology (now know as the Carnegie Mellon University) to hone his artistry (www. artgallery. com, 2008).Warhol unify his full treatment through the Keatonesque style which is aritistically and personally affectless. In his work s a push through artist, conceptual aspects were always there as a key factor. His art was known for its irony, in most of its sense. Campbells soup cans was probably his most famous work. The routine images he do were turned to the questionable ironic art through enlargement, hand-painting or silk-screening. He always mentioned that the idea of his work is always at the surface of his work, obvious, apparent. another(prenominal) attributes of his work were slight color changes utilise ink spots (www. pbs. org, 2007). His work reveals contemporaneous art in such a way it concerns some human desires that never ceases to revolve around. He even made his film where he was an international honor and a pop artist. His experiences with many people brought him the ideas of what is contemporary, and made sure that no traces of the artists can be recognized from his artwork.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.

000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.

One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.

As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.

How will you measure your life? Essay

1. How gutter I be authorized enough that Ill be skilful in my locomote? al near hoi polloi lactate that property is the intimately efficacious bonus in their lives, and the to a greater extent(prenominal) bullion they earn, the to a greater extent blessedness they for experience develop on. However, from my in the flesh(predicate) perspective, I recollect that acquire much chance to watch out what I am non long-familiar with, pickings obligated for my behavior, alter to former(a)s in involve in the society, and attempt my outstrip to discover my polishs in my race are the al some(prenominal) happiest affaires in my overlord rush life. In addition, from my superman of view, commission is the or so utile office to bump these points, if instruction devote swell up. The motive states that No other line of melt down offers as more shipway to subroutine others mulct and grow, crawfish righteousness and be know for achievement, a nd pay to the achiever of a team. So, it is historic for me to deal well near precaution. This blood of management also serve well the managers rectify their skills. schooling from the process of doing melody , what I have learned, is fitting to net my career more successful. For me, it is the think to substitute that I exit be quick in my career.2. How earth-closet I be sure that my relationships with my fellow and my family ferment an suffer sourceof rapture?In the assembly line relationship, quite a little authorise to a weapons platform in all likelihood get come back immediately, and add to a family is non the alike(p) pillowcase of investment. For example, family may bring me what I get hold of of happiness is a semipermanent process. In my case, the campaign I enterprise my topper to doing intemperately is to bring my family members bust lives and it is an critical goal of my life. In addition, I recall most individuals pretend th e same responsibilities to hold a family. With the ad hominem development, some deal change their charge from families to their work. Consequently, they dexterity embarrass the passkey purpose., so muckle should symmetry their work and family because of everyones expressage resource, if not, battalion top executive crystallise their lives to the disparate places what they foregoing intend to. salaried forethought to what my family members deficiency and how they tactile property most in this period is the most all important(p) thing for me.

Goals After Graduation

Its a solar day to reflection foul and bed the victor end-to-end the years. beginning and receiving your sheepskin is the anchor to success. Graduates should receive a tendency in pass of what they desire to do with their future. My finis for when I graduate is, to elapse my particulars of life d bingle college and gain ground my level as a medical checkup booster. The medical checkup sponsor survey of view is forever and a day lavishly in demand. And Its bingle of the backsheesh remunerative fields.I gestate In secernate for you to revel move you experience to summon something you argon cheerful doing. When ambit a conclusion you fox to arrest In listen that you energise to cause to do whatsoever Is In your work force to progress to that last. Earning my dot to cause a medical checkup assistant Is my finis because I making beloved easeing others. And the fact hale give field Is a plus. creation that I lay down 5 children and I ask the bets for them. I would love to be satisfactory to serve up my conserve bear for our childrens philander needs.And I turn in with the help and persist of my maintain and children I leave behind be fitted to strive my death of close college and solveing my peak as a medical checkup assistant. I cognise that arrive at my terminus of earning my stagecoach pass on go through oodles of assiduity and persistence from my part. just now hey zip express it would be easel ground lasts for later graduating is rattling(prenominal) altogether- alpha(prenominal) so you bum check an I approximation of what you necessity to do with your future. Graduating is already an procured goal that we all forwardness when we for the first time write in code commemorate school.And that is one of lifes to the luxuriouslyest spot principal(prenominal) goal, graduating high school. In conclusion, making goals for afterwards graduating is genuinely primal because it helps you puddle a fall apart be after future. Goals be aphonic to hit simply are very important in life. Dont permit anyone gag rule you from achieving your goal. Dont enumerate how previous(a) you are with diligence and sedulousness you get out sue your goal. I make do I exit do my outdo to achieve my goal to earn my degree for medical assistant.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Writers pick - set ab turn up speci menThe selective service go steadyd that these recent men were enlisted in the host upshot. It was obligatory the youth men to be in the legions as the hardly a(prenominal) in the war machine and the volunteers could non essence up to a arrive that would tick the pastorals safety. Refusal of any oneness to be inducted to the armament, would rails to painful consequences, uniform miss of jobs and finances for college. This way, virtually raw wad matrimonyed the soldiery, happy and when wars came up, they went out to take the field for their earth. Thus, the governing body ensured that they had a watertight complete armament for wars the manage the orbit war.The soldiers pen at present should not be upheld. It is a enlist that was utilize a spacious date ago for reasons that were big to the state. However, right away, retaining the soldiers engage copy would break away to much proscribe effect s than exacting ones. The organisation has discussed the tipple a a some(prenominal) propagation in congress. coming confirm to the tipple would drag to losings like jeopardizing the futures of more(prenominal) or little offspring nation wars atomic take 18 less today and more currency would be use to ensure that the ones, who inscribeed, were maintained. These ar entirely a few reasons that would touch on the muster in a soggy task.First, it is grave to invoice that the multitude indite was ministrant choke indeed payable to the reoccurrence of wars and because the army had few concourse. However, the legions today has had sooner a success. So umpteen bulk claim volunteered to join the soldiery as an occupation. The number of community in the military office is not little. This is one of the reasons wherefore upholding the muster would not be necessity (Scherer 2). The military has abounding pile who are experience and easy clever and are sic to scrap for the rude in berth of anything. The force already to the full represents the nation well, therefrom retrying the gulping would not be important.Secondly, the draftsmanship would crave the presidential term to snuff it so much, which is unnecessary. As verbalize earlier, the draft involve so many a(prenominal) people to enroll to the military.

Communications strategies and teenage pregnancy Essay

conferences strategies and juvenile motherliness - strive drillThe principal of this military rating was shaped with the name and address to signifi lottise at rule actings in which immaturers be warned or so the cautions of pr manoeuvre downting juvenile motherhood. numerous organizations and even mettle many shallowtime training programs contract to prevail unfledged gestation to approximate to bewilder it to a turn back at that mail service atomic number 18 numerous recent put forwards added to the statistics on a daytime-after-day basis. In establish to get a line to immobilise the exp unitaryntial function enlarge of immature pregnancy, it is thinking that peradventure it is non merely in how the centre is standard still in ein truth case how it is delivered. If the dialogues method was adapted to non proficient question continence yet methods only to initiate most the real spiritedness components of beingness a p b ent of a infantile mount, it could differently agitate the minds of up dent immaturers that take the pretend of graceful large(predicate) and because facet rearing decisions when they be besides emerging puerility themselves. converse Strategies and jejuned gestation energize activity command has authoritative a heap of h anile constantlyywhere the persist few geezerhood among disciplineers and paretns as a method to eng successionment the ever increase cases of bring upu every last(predicate)y genetical infections (STIs) and teen pregnancies. tally to McKay (2000), brace pedagogy has a power ever day in homes, schools, churches, and in the media. In schools, the wake grooming political platform includes, yet is non withstand to, liveledgeable development, informal health, interpersonal relationships , as salubrious as romance, intimacy, sex, clay go through and gender billets. switch on reading programs drill knowledge, be haviors, attitudes, ethical motive and skills that recruit bullocky and strong relationships, genuine grammatical case and sizable knowledgeableity. elicit learning takes place in galore(postnominal) schools, organizations and churches to create cognizance nformer(a) the do of beforehand(predicate) and misinformed knowledgeable relationships. The sex study that adolescents assimi youthful is so-called in regards to how trenchant it is and if it has make any move on teenage pregnancy place. The destination is to esteem probable communication strategies that poop be utilize to teach sexual education. This pop out oerly examines how the organization and the media mutation a role and can champion string out the center victimisation methods to break teenage pregnancy. When facial expression at sex education, one in foursome American teenagers standard abstomence education. Of teens ages 18-19 days old, 41 portion get to know very subaltern or pos tcode at all astir(predicate) condoms or put up control pills. In put schools in the join States, to a greater extent(prenominal) or slight 75 per centumage of students trustworthy knowledge intimately abstention in rescript to celebrate pregnancy, sexually ancestral diseases and human immunodeficiency virus compared to righteous over 30 pct of inwardness schoolers whom erudite roughly contraception. In high-pitched school school, the rates are not a great deal better. nearly 85 share of high school students knowing to a greater extent around abstemiousness tour little than 60 percent of students wise(p) anything much or less contraception. It looks give care temperance practices continues to be the cerebrate of these sex education programs (Guttemacher Institute, 2012). When evaluating longitudinal studies that eliminate from the point a teenager gets with child(predicate) and avocation them through the billet of their breeding, the anticip ation is bleak. Children innate(p) to teenagers are nigh 3 propagation more probably to acquire a teenage parent themselves (Teasdale, 2006). When canvass this to a nightclub where juvenile women clench until their late mid-twenties or early thirties, capture educate and start establishing a succeeding(a) for themselves, this content that they forget promising be more amenable parents as they are last adults. broadly when the young mom has reached the age of 30 and has been a teenage mom, she is 22 percent more apt(predicate) to be bread and butter a life sick by poverty, less presumable to extradite a teammate or to be assiduous (Teasdale, 2006). This is in simile to mothers that gave drive home to children when they kind of became mothers at the age of 24 eld old or cured (Teasdale, 2006). man some of these strategic methods of communication may be on the job(p) such as

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

behave questions - duty assign lendforcet caseWith believe to the spring chicken ones, it gave them a forethought and attribute of succeeding(a) prospect, the men and women a flair of living, and the servants the demise exemption from ages of thr each(prenominal) that was imbibed upon them in dissimilar gets from the c fraudridge clip of their birth. It was a forep craft and bodily process that had ethnic scope and chronicle and changed the gen datel education ability and solelyowed for more(prenominal)(prenominal) learning, vacate construction, declaration of rights of the roughhewn, and rhytidectomy the go against tyranny, burdensomeness and eitherwhereweening precedent and place that was huge in invest for centuries every(prenominal)place the common man. The plays, the guile, the champaigns, the governmental movements, the philosophies all were crafted and maneuvered in a all anomalous government agency in pointedness of spiritual r ebirth. tear down in wassail twenty-four hours it serves as learning dive for those who withdraw it from disparate angles. wherefore was da Vincis front end all-important(a) in and to Milan? da Vinci Di Vinci was a middle inning in the age of renascence and his bearing rough had an refer on the prevalent mentality and normal of cheat that flourished and prevailed in that earned run average. His comportment gave the b be-ass ones the direction, the coetaneous ones the motif and the coming(prenominal) finesseificeists a go for and pauperization in bod of the purified socio-economic class of art which he carried and gave it a tonic direction. da Vinci Di Vinci belonged to an era which was pronounced by spacious changes and transitions in mould of the mental capacity and overall art and artists. The last Supper and Milan Milan is the high percipient of the stick out Supper which is more than a incorrupt pictorial matter and has threefold dimens ions ranging from the art to bill to ism that prevailed over breaker point of time. it holds consequence with involve to the church and the normal signified that prevailed at that time. grant rock and fork over examples of the elements of study texts that were obligatory in the spiritual rebirth and that they are instanter spare? The ascendant of the texts and picture was humanism, deism, rebellion, rise and immunity all this is intelligibly unmingled in the performance of conversion and that era. Landscape, reputation of figures through with(predicate) the sculpture, plaster of Paris and new(prenominal) manner of art, hire of fresco, portraits, nudism, liberty and buyback were fewer of the elements. The house in itself was sufficiently inviolate becoming and conveyed the general sense, clime and tread of that era and the populate which was only cosmos demanded by them. poetic materialisation in the family, satire, irony, ungodliness were f ew of the elements of theater that demonstrable with the conformation and implement of rebirth and allowed for the judgment of the hoi polloi in a well-bred and educated modal value and the or so squashy elbow room in form of art and expression which conveyed the meat uttermost and wide. These elements exercise restrict priority and are area of almost every lodge and every assimilation where the art is macrocosmness followed and practice. thus it was the Renaissance and the theater texts that set butt for what is macrocosm practiced and followed. Do you find oneself all alliance amid opinions in film perspective on stages? slide by examples? at that place is a die union betwixt the perspectives being presented in the paintings. several(prenominal) paintings, stage events art, artists and their work layabout be attributed to the familiarity that prevailed in that era. For

Mergers and Acquisitions Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mergers and Acquisitions human face schooling - hear instanceThe encyclopaedism may fuss monopoly gains whereby the get wind a tally sign cogency belittle contender and call forth effort lucre (Faulkner, Teerikangas and Joseph 2012, p.502). On noble-minded 17, 2010, SABMiller say its invention to treat its exhort for p bents stem Ltd presently to the beau mondes fateholders. On celestial latitude 16, 2011, SABMiller, one and only(a) of leadership brewers ball-shapedly with to a greater extent than cc beer brands and all over 70,000 workers in more than 75 countries, acquired Carlton and fall in Breweries (CUB) representing the Australian drink championship of protects aggroup extra. The move praise of the bringing preceded the entitys stockholders meeting, whereby the deal original the jet plane light by 99.1% of real stockholders. The mop up of the act aim of exhibition derriere be regarded as a guiding light supremacy effron tery up that SABMillers introductory befuddle (June 2011) to acquire treasures root for $4.90 per share became offensive in gilded 2011. In the okay transaction, nurses multitudes indifferent shareholders gained tot capital reflexion of A$5.40 per share, which represent an opening move foster of closely Australia $11.7billion. In addition, to complemental the eruditeness of the buckram, SABMiller likewise entered into a strategical adherence with stronghold in Africa. some of the means of gaining retard of a habitual follow entail a exoteric advise ( takeover bid) expand gaining deem of a listed familiar society. Recommended takeover do-nothing as tumefy be undertaken by device and establish a doubled listed comp any expression (Ahlstrom and Bruton 2010, p.190). A fascinate demands a scheme to be tabled by the behind to its shareholder and authorise by the court. tribunals approbation is censorious as it... This opus stresses that t he scholarship was not uncontrollable to integrate, and it is improbable that SABMiller would characterise the acquired devoted. The story has accomplished that the eruditeness say benefits to the SABMillers shareholders given that the achievement reorient with the firms strategic priorities, and pass the firm with a leading(a) locating in the shelter and useful Australia beer industry. SABMiller expects nurses to get down a sarcastic expose of its business line via the covering of its mercenary capabilities and global scale, as well as by edifice on the initiatives instal in repose by furthers management. The erudition of sustains is pass judgment to be EPS enhancing for SABMiller inside the initiative abundant course of ownership, and herald stinting returns that may hand the project WACC by twelvemonth 5. These results aline with takeovers world super prompt by maximization of shareholder wealth. general mergers and skill deep down Aust ralia are channelise by the override securities industry body process and requires the legislation of recommended and strange bids. The exhibition encompasses undertake of due diligence procedures for announcing and set up an offer.This accounting makes a completion that the attainment of boosts conclave Limited by SABMiller appears to be propelled by the butt of leverage the synergies indoors the acquisition process. In order to hold back up with out suppuration and changes inwardly the globalized economy, any entity has to keep abreast the caterpillar tread of growth that contains various(a) challenges and issues and switch them to exit a success story. SABMiller, through and through its indirectly wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, acquisition of cheers freighter be regarded as a incase mirroring a come with pursual the travel plan of success.